Reflection

Summer School:

Over the past three weeks I think that i have really tried my hardest to do the best that I could. I studied, kept organized, paid attention and participated to the best of my ability. I even tried to do the extra credit when i had extra time. I have gotten full credit on most of my assignments and I am confident that I will get an A in the class. All in all, I am proud of myself for being disciplined and responsible, which is a struggle that I overcame in order to be where I am now

Grading System:

The accumulation grading system is an interesting way to publish grades but as long as i get my good grade in the end I'm cool with anything. I think that the grading system doesn't really matter because i would have tried my best either way.

Hands-on Labs:

I liked how the hands on labs work and i wish we could have done more of them. I had fun with the solutions lab even when we recorded data. I liked how it was way more interactive than that chemcollective bs. With the pH lab i was fascinated by watching the testing strips react with the acids right before my eyes. I got a better understanding of how the pH scale worked. I am pro at writing lab reports and i think that i am completely prepared for doing them next year. I try my hardest to write a good lab report and i am proud of my work when i am finished. I don't think I have been very social in this class and I am worried about working in a larger class with more distractions and more students.

ChemCollective Virtual Labs:

I liked how in the virtual lab it was easy to transfer exact amounts of chemicals into containers with other chemicals. I did not have to worry about spilling or measuring certain amounts. I did not like how the Virtual Lab was organized because the problem descriptions demanded results in a confusing way. I was frustrated by how the graphics showed every single chemical compound in a boring white color and it was easy to mix up the flasks. I think that doing a real life hands-on experiment would be much more beneficial because of several aspects it does not include such as teamwork and consequences for over pouring or mistakes.

Post Test

What skills do I need in order to be successful in 11th grade?

In order to be successful in 11th grade I know that I must be very responsible. When it comes to homework I need to have good study habits. Homework needs to come before hanging out. I plan on staying after school when the need arises. Previously I have made the mistake of neglecting to do homework and I let the work pile up. However, I have learned my lesson from slacking off and i believe that now I am responsible and disciplined enough to buckle down and keep high grade all year long. Another skill I will need for next year is to be able to communicate with my teachers. I would like to be able to talk to my teachers on a man to man level. I believe that if this is accomplished then I can comfortably approach them and state my concerns. Organization will also be a skill I will need. My organization skills have greatly improved over this past year and i can completely stay on top of my homework assignments by simply writing down each nights homework so i can check back in case i forget.

How is Chemistry similar to Math?

Chemistry is similar to math because nearly all to the work is done using formulas and calculators. When solving molarity problems, I used the formula used to find the molarity by plugging in the given numbers from each problem and calculating it out in order to find the desired answer. If i am given the number of mole and the amount of liters i can divide moles by liters to find the molarity of any solution. For the dilution problems I used the formula; C1xV1=C2xV2. With this formula I was given usually three givens and by plugging them in and getting the unknown by itself I can solve for the missing number. When calculating pH I used logarithms. Logarithms are notorious for being extremely difficult but i found them to be quite simple once I understood the concept. It is all done on a calculator using the log key. Knowing how to do this makes solving exponents much easier as well as calculating pH using just the molarity. Scientific notation is another concept that is used. Scientific notation makes very small decimals or very large number compact and easy to read.

How is writing a Lab Report like writing a 5-paragraph essay? Like the Habits of Mind?

Writing a lab report is similar to writing a 5-paragraph essay because of how it is organized into parts. Both include an intro and a conclusion and keep all of the important and detailed information in the middle.Scientific notation is another concept that is used. Scientific notation makes very small decimals or very large number compact and easy to read. Leaving answers in terms of scientific notation keeps my answers organized and simpler to understand. Using the Lab Report format is a standard yet effective way to record and reflect on the steps that you took in conducting an experiment. Though writing so much may seem tedious at times but do enjoy taking my time and thinking about all of the knowledge i gained in a lab. I think that in writing lab reports it can be organized in multiple ways while still remaining functional. If the situation call for it, i think that the procedure and the data section could be combined in order to accurately depict how the results were attained.

Acids and Bases Lab Report

Jon Silva

Lab Report

Introduction:

In my class we did an experiment to study Acids and Bases. The purpose of this lab was to learn how to test the acidity levels in different solutions. We were given nine different solutions and tasked with testing each one to find whether each one was acidic, neutral or basic. Three different tests were performed on each solution: the Litmus test, pH paper test and the red cabbage paper test. I predicted that the following would be acidic: Vinegar, Lemon Juice, Diet Coke, Drain Cleaner. I predicted that the following would be neutral: Milk, Tap Water, and Bottled Water. I predicted that the following would be basic: Windex and Baking Soda.

Materials:

-Wide Range pH Indicator Paper

-Test Substances

-Red and Blue Litmus Paper

-Goggles

-Small beakers or cups

Procedure:

Safety Precaution- The first thing we do before any chemistry experiment is gear up. We put on gloves and goggles to make sure we weren’t harmed bay any acids. None of the materials were particularly lethal, but I couldn’t hurt to be prepared because nobody needs a squirt of citric acid(lemon juice) in their eye.

Litmus Test-The first thing we had to do was to arrange the solutions in order. My partner and I put on gloves and goggles and prepared our lab station. We started with the litmus paper test. The test is conducted by getting one blue strip and one red strip into each solution. The litmus acts as an indicator by turning red in an acidic solution or turning blue in a basic solution or remaining the same colors if it is neutral.

pH Paper Test- The second test that was conducted was the pH paper test. The pH test is used to determine the acidity of a solution. The test is conducted by dipping a special pH strip into each solution for a few seconds until the color of the strip changes. You then take the strip out and match the color to a chart with colors that correspond to the color of your strip. My partner and I tested all of the solutions.

Red Cabbage Paper- For the red cabbage paper test, we were handed out strips of blue paper that were cut from a larger sheet. I used a paper towel and drew a grid on it so there were nine boxes. I then labeled each bow with one of the solutions. I dipped a strip in each solution and placed each strip on the corresponding box. Once the papers were fully developed after five minutes I arranged the cabbage paper on the pH scale in order according to my results on the pH paper test and taped them in place.

DATA CHART: Litmus Test-

Substance	Red Paper	Blue Paper	Acid, Base or Neutral
Vinegar	Red	Red	Acid
Windex	Blue	Blue	Base
Milk	Red	Purple	Acid
Lemon Juice	Red	Red	Acid
Diet Coke	Red	Red	Acid
Tap Water	Red	Blue	Neutral
Bottled Water	Red	Blue	Neutral
Baking Soda	Blue	Blue	Base
Drain Cleaner	Blue	Blue	Base

DATA CHART: pH Paper Test

Substance	Paper Color	pH Value	Acid, Base or Neutral
Vinegar	Red	2	Acid
Windex	Pale Green	9	Base
Milk	Yellow	7	Neutral
Lemon Juice	Red	1	Acid
Diet Coke	Pink	4	Acid
Tap Water	Yellow	7	Neutral
Bottled Water	Yellow	6	Acid
Baking Soda	Green	8	Base
Drain Cleaner	Brown	13	Base

DATA CHART: Red Cabbage Paper

Substance	pH Value	Paper Color
Vinegar	2	Light Purple
Windex	9	Green
Milk	7	Blue
Lemon Juice	1	Red
Diet Coke	4	Blue
Tap Water	7	Blue
Bottled Water	6	Blue
Baking Soda	8	Turquoise
Drain Cleaner	13	White

Conclusion:

I think that the Acids and Bases Lab was a very fun and also very helpful experiment when it comes to understanding the concepts of pH and using the pH scale to measure acidity. Testing the different household solutions make this lab relevant to everyday life because in the future when you use this items such as Windex you will always remember how it works. It acts as a base that helps neutralize acids and other substances such as dog urine off of a rug. As I scrub out the stain from the dog I will think about how the chemicals are interacting. In conclusion, I enjoyed every minute of this lab and I feel like I learned the basic concepts of acids and bases.

Strong Acids

1) For the first problem I was tasked with creating a 100ml 5M solution of NaOH. I took my 1M sample and got my 1oM sample and then I poured about 80ml of it into my 1M solution, resulting in a 100ml sample.

2)This problem was super easy. All I did was retrieve the supplies and the added 10ml of 10M HCl to 100ml of 1M NaOH and the pH went exactly to 7.

3)For this problem the instructions were simple. I was told to add 75ml 1.0M HCl to 100ml 1.oM NaOH. I solved this problem just by following the steps. TH pH of the final solution was 13. Another student might want to try mixing the solution in a volumetric flask because i found thid to be the best container for mixing and diluting and stuff.

4)This problem was very similar to problem 3. I was to find the pH of a solution with 125ml was added to the NaOH. I simply added 50ml and my result was a pH of 0.95. If another student were to try this problem i would advise them to review the earlier problems.

5)For this problem i tried retrieving the acid and the base as directed. I poured the acid into a volumetric cylinder. I poured the NaOH into the volumetric flask until it was 10 ml full. I then got the HCl and dumped in 10ml of the stuff. I slowly titrated in the HCl and watch the pH meter carefully as the needle gradually moved to 1. I had added 1008ml in order to achieve my answer.

6)THis problem resembled the previous problem and the steps i took were similar as i retrieved the 1m HCl and the 1m NaOH. In order to lower the pH to 13 all i had to do was add 72ml to the solution.

7)To solve this problem i used the dilution method. I got 3m CH3COOH and add 20ml of h2o until the molarity was 2.5. The pH meter read 2.18. Another student solving this problem should know to start with the 3m as opposed to the 1m just to make things easier.

8)This problem is different because you are dealing with a strong base. I started with the 1m of NaCH3COO. I concentrated it and the pH level went up to 14. the maximum pH level for a base.

Lab Report

Introduction: My class did a chemistry experiment that consisted of using powdered lemonade and water in order to physically demonstrate how to create a solution, a mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules are completely dispersed.. Using Lemonade as the solute and water as the solvent, we made six different solutions. Each with different molarities, concentrations of lemonade powder. We ran tests on each of the solutions and recorded the data in a chart.

Materials:

-Lemonade Mix(Solute)

-H2O Bottle(6)(Solvent)

-Cups(to test the lemonade)

-Scale(to measure the lemonade mix)

-Spoon

-Measuring Cup(to measure solution)

Procedure:

Mixing the Solutions:

-First we had to pick a number out of a hat to determine the number of scoops to be added to the solution. We then added however many scoops to a pitcher and filled the rest up until it reached 400ml. We stirred thoroughly until the mix was completely dissolved. Once we had 6 bottles with different solutions they were labeled A-F.

Testing/Graphing:

-Each of the cups were placed on a different table and my class and i walked around and tested each one. The methods we used were Qualitative and Quantitative analysis. The first test was the color test. W were tasked with rating the color of each solution and putting them in order 1-6, 1 being the lowest and six being the highest. The second test was the taste test. We were each given a cup in which we were supposed to pour a small amount of solution into and test the taste of each one and also rate them in order from 1-6.

Calculation:

-We were given the amount of grams of mix in each bottle and with that information I was able to find the grams of sucrose and the grams of citric acid in each solution. From there I found the molar mass for both the sucrose and the citric acid. I calculated the number of moles of mix in each bottle by dividing the grams by moles. With the moles of solute, I divided by the number of Liters to find the molarity of each solution.

Observation/Data

-All of our calculations were recorded on a chart in our lab packet. The data collected from our tests was then transfered to a larger graph drawn on the white board. Each student recorded their results into their own column and we compared our results. We found that though some of our answers varied , they were all generally similar.

Conclusion/Summary

Through the entire lab, starting withh the mixing and ending with the final test results, I found this lab to be a perfect example of how solutions can be sorted through qualitative and quantitative observation.

Acids and Bases

Acids are substances that produce hydronium ions when added to water. Acids are usually found in liquid form and have corrosive properties. Acids are made by dissolving gaseous compounds into water. When hydrogen chloride is dissolved into water it creates a strong acid called hydrochloric acid.

Bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions when added to water. A solution that has a strong concentration of hydroxide ions is called a basic solution. bases are used to neutraize acids. An example is when baking soda is mixed with vinegar, an acid, and the reaction results in sodium chloride which is neutral.

pH is a term that is used to describe the acidic and basic strengths of solutions. The scale ranges from 0-14. 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. If a solution has a pH of eight or above, it is basic. If it has five or below, it is acidic. If its pH is exactly 7 then it is neutral.

Writing a Scientific Paper

I read the first article called "Guidelines for Writing a Scientific Paper". The article talked about starting your paper with an abstract. An abstract is a brief paragraph that summarizes all of your work and generally describes each major point in your paper. Following that everything else is pretty much the same as the lab report that we have been writing. Included in the scientific research paper is a a section for results and a a section for tables and figures. This is a breakdown of the data and observation section that goes into more detail about the graphing and calculation. I think that the lab report is less detailed but it is much more useful jest because it is easier to read rather than the scientific report.